NCEO:Theme 6: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox grant
{{Infobox grant
| acronym = COMET+
| acronym = COMET+
| name = National Centre for Earth Observation: Theme 6
| name = National Centre for Earth Observation: Theme 6 (COMET+)
| funding = NERC
| funding = NERC
| image  = [[File:NCEO6wordle.png|300px]]
| image  = [[File:NCEO6wordle.png|300px]]
| start = 1 April 2008
| start = 1 April 2008
| finish =  30 March 2013
| finish =  30 March 2014
| PI=  
| PI=  
| coi=Dr Don Grainger<br>University of Oxford
| coi=Dr Don Grainger<br>University of Oxford
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}}
}}


==National Centre for Earth Observation: Theme 6==
==National Centre for Earth Observation==
'''NCEO: Theme 6''' is a component of the National Centre for Earth Observation funded by [[NERC]].
[http://www.nceo.ac.uk NCEO] is a national centre funded by the Natural Environment Research Council ([http://www.nerc.ac.uk NERC]). It is a distributed centre, meaning it is formed of small groups in numerous universities and institutions around the UK. The administration of NCEO is based at the [http://www.reading.ac.uk University of Reading].


EODG's contribution to this theme is to use EO data to measure global and regional budgets of volcanic
==NCEO: Theme 6==
[http://www.neco.ac.uk/research_geohazards.php NCEO: Theme 6] is a component of NCEO, developed from the '''C'''entre for the '''O'''bservation and '''M'''odelling of '''E'''arthquakes, '''T'''ectonics and volcanoes ([http://comet.nerc.ac.uk/ COMET+]) consortium. <ref group="F">COMET+ is occasionally referred to as the DEATH theme which is an acronym of '''D'''ynamic '''E'''arth '''A'''nd '''T'''errestrial '''H'''azards.</ref>
 
EODG's contribution to COMET+ is to use EO data to measure global and regional budgets of volcanic
emissions, particularly of SO<sub>2</sub>. Working with our collaborators we will  integrate these measurements with regional- to local-scale
emissions, particularly of SO<sub>2</sub>. Working with our collaborators we will  integrate these measurements with regional- to local-scale
measurements of volcanic emissions, ground deformation, and seismicity, to improve mathematical
measurements of volcanic emissions, ground deformation, and seismicity, to improve mathematical
models for the mechanics of volcanic systems.
models for the mechanics of volcanic systems.
The SO<sub>2</sub> data is obtained by developing algorithms for [[IASI]] and [[GOME-2]]. The [[ORAC]] algorithm will be applied to [[SEVIRI]] data to obtain ash retrievals. Novel techniques are being developed to measure ash using IASI.
==Science==


Volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> is a key gas species for the planet’s radiative balance and atmospheric composition (Graf
Volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> is a key gas species for the planet’s radiative balance and atmospheric composition (Graf
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global scale in near-real time. These advances will enable us to investigate the controls on these fluxes,
global scale in near-real time. These advances will enable us to investigate the controls on these fluxes,
and to understand their consequences for the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.
and to understand their consequences for the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.


The processes of magma ascent and eruption depend strongly upon the evolution of the magma’s
The processes of magma ascent and eruption depend strongly upon the evolution of the magma’s
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global to the regional down to the individual volcano, to address different aspects of volcanic systems.
global to the regional down to the individual volcano, to address different aspects of volcanic systems.


Volcanoes generate readily measurable ground deformation in response to influx and efflux of magma
and gases. One strand of this sub-theme  is to relate detailed quantitative budgets of the fluxes
of erupted gas, lava, and tephra to the ground deformation at selected volcanoes in order to constrain
physical models of the volcanic processes. It has recently been shown, however, that external forcings
(the hydrological cycle; large earthquakes) influence volcanic activity on a range of spatial and
temporal scales (Neuberg, 2000; Mason et al., 2004; Manga and Brodsky, 2006), suggesting that
magmatic systems may be sensitive to small stress changes organized on a scale much larger than that
of an individual volcano. For this reason, we shall combine measurements of gas emissions and ground
deformation on the largest scales that are practicable, to test hypotheses about external forcings of
volcanic arcs. Rift zones are the only examples accessible to direct observation of the major means of
delivery of magma to the earth’s surface (most of which takes place at the oceanic ridges), and we shall
undertake regional scale deformation studies of selected rift systems in order to constrain the kinematics
and dynamics of such zones.


==Publications==
 
Oxford's output from the project is hosted on [http://www.atm.ox.ac.uk/project/volcano/ '''EODG website'''].
 
==Footnotes [F]==
{{Reflist|group=F}}




Latest revision as of 19:10, 7 November 2013

COMET+
National Centre for Earth Observation: Theme 6 (COMET+)
NCEO6wordle.png
Investigators
Co-Investigator Dr Don Grainger
University of Oxford
Recognised Researcher Dr Elisa Carboni
University of Oxford
Funding Agency
NERC
Project start 1 April 2008
Project finish 30 March 2014


National Centre for Earth Observation

NCEO is a national centre funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). It is a distributed centre, meaning it is formed of small groups in numerous universities and institutions around the UK. The administration of NCEO is based at the University of Reading.

NCEO: Theme 6

NCEO: Theme 6 is a component of NCEO, developed from the Centre for the Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Tectonics and volcanoes (COMET+) consortium. [F 1]

EODG's contribution to COMET+ is to use EO data to measure global and regional budgets of volcanic emissions, particularly of SO2. Working with our collaborators we will integrate these measurements with regional- to local-scale measurements of volcanic emissions, ground deformation, and seismicity, to improve mathematical models for the mechanics of volcanic systems.

The SO2 data is obtained by developing algorithms for IASI and GOME-2. The ORAC algorithm will be applied to SEVIRI data to obtain ash retrievals. Novel techniques are being developed to measure ash using IASI.

Science

Volcanic SO2 is a key gas species for the planet’s radiative balance and atmospheric composition (Graf et al., 1997; Robock, 2000; Grainger and Highwood, 2003; Millard et al., 2006), and, in combination with other species, for understanding magmatic processes. Volcanic SO2 is also a significant component of the stratospheric sulphur budget (Pyle et al., 1996), however volcanic SO2 release to the atmosphere is both uncertain and variable (7–11 Tg S yr-1, Mather et al., 2003) and individual volcanic emissions can cause large local and regional perturbations. Recent developments in satellite-borne remote sensing of volcanic gases and particles allow us, for the first time, to detect and measure volcanic emissions on a global scale in near-real time. These advances will enable us to investigate the controls on these fluxes, and to understand their consequences for the Earth’s surface and atmosphere.


The processes of magma ascent and eruption depend strongly upon the evolution of the magma’s physical properties as it partitions into melt, crystals and gas during ascent, upon the mechanical interactions between magma and its surrounding rock, which determine the magma’s pathways through the crust, and upon the local stress regime. We plan observations on a hierarchy of scales from the global to the regional down to the individual volcano, to address different aspects of volcanic systems.


Oxford's output from the project is hosted on EODG website.

Footnotes [F]

  1. ↑ COMET+ is occasionally referred to as the DEATH theme which is an acronym of Dynamic Earth And Terrestrial Hazards.


References

Retrieved from ‘https://volcano.atm.ox.ac.uk/index.php?title=NCEO:Theme_6&oldid=1167’